That is a foundational critique of modern capitalism, often described through the lens of velocity of money and wealth concentration. When a dollar rests in the hands of a low- or middle-income worker, it is spent immediately on necessities, cycling through the local economy. When a dollar is hoarded or concentrated at the very top, that velocity slows down, starving the broader ecosystem of liquidity and creating the socio-economic instability you mentioned.
The challenge with multi-billion-dollar corporations is that their structural design is legally bound to maximize shareholder value, which naturally prioritizes extraction over distribution.
